High-dimensional Cytometry (ExCYT) and Mass Spectrometry of Myeloid Infiltrate in Clinically Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Identifies Novel Potential Myeloid Targets for Immunotherapy

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Highlights

• •Using ExCYT, genomics, and Mass Spectrometry, we were able to uncover immune cell marker alterations that provide new insight into the biology of early stage ccRCC.
• •Among the CD45⁺ population, we observed a high level of myeloid cell infiltration in treatment-naïve ccRCC tissues.

     

Overexpression of ZEB2‐AS1 promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis by stabilizing ZEB2 mRNA in head neck squamous cell carcinoma

The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly appreciated as key players underlying tumourigenesis and hold great potentials as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, their roles in head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have remained incompletely known. Here, we sought to reveal the oncogenic roles and clinical significance of a tumour‐associated lncRNA, zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 2 antisense RNA 1 (ZEB2‐AS1), in HNSCC. ZEB2‐AS1 was aberrantly overexpressed in a fraction of HNSCC samples. Its overexpression significantly associated with large tumour size, cervical node metastasis and reduced overall and disease‐free survival. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)‐mediated ZEB2‐AS1 depletion markedly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion while triggered apoptosis in HNSCC cells in part via modulating ZEB2 mRNA stability. Enforced overexpression of ZEB2 largely attenuated the phenotypic changes resulted from ZEB2‐AS1 inhibition except the impaired cell proliferation. In addition, ZEB2‐AS1 was required for TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Significantly reduced tumour growth and lung metastasis were observed in ZEB2‐AS1‐depleted cells in HNSCC xenograft animal models. Taken together, our findings reveal that overexpression of ZEB2‐AS1 associates with tumour aggressiveness and unfavourable prognosis by serving as a putative oncogenic lncRNA and a novel prognostic biomarker in HNSCC.     

Long non‐coding RNA SNHG6 promotes cell proliferation and migration through sponging miR‐4465 in ovarian clear cell carcinoma

Dysregulation of small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) exerts critical oncogenic effects and facilitates tumourigenesis in human cancers. However, little information about the expression pattern of SNHG6 in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is available, and the contributions of this long non‐coding RNA to the tumourigenesis and progression of OCCC are unclear. In the present study, we showed via quantitative real‐time PCR that SNHG6 expression was abnormally up‐regulated in OCCC tissues relative to that in unpaired normal ovarian tissues. High SNHG6 expression was correlated with vascular invasion, distant metastasis and poor survival. Further functional experiments demonstrated that knockdown of SNHG6 in OCCC cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro as well as tumour growth in vivo. Moreover, SNHG6 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), effectively acting as a sponge for miR‐4465 and thereby modulating the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Taken together, our data suggest that SNHG6 is a novel molecule involved in OCCC progression and that targeting the ceRNA network involving SNHG6 may be a treatment strategy in OCCC.     

Synthesis and Activity Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Inhibitors Based on 6‐(Pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazole

Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common head and neck malignancy with high incidence in Southeast Asia and Southern China. It is necessary to develop safe, effective and inexpensive anticancer agents to improve the therapeutics of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A series of small molecular compounds based on 6‐(pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazole were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activities against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines SUNE1. Compounds 6b , 6c , 6e and 6l showed potent antiproliferative activities similar to positive control drug cisplatin in vitro with lower nephrotoxicity than it. N‐[4‐(1H‐Indazol‐6‐yl)pyrimidin‐2‐yl]benzene‐1,3‐diamine ( 6l ) was selected for further study. It was found that 6l induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis and G₂/M phase arrest in SUNE1 cells. Furthermore, compound 6l at 10 mg/kg can suppress the growth of an implanted SUNE1 xenograft with a TGI% (tumor growth inhibition) value of 50 % and did not cause serious side effects in BALB/c nude mice. This study suggests that 6‐(pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazole derivatives are a series of small molecule compounds with anti‐nasopharyngeal carcinoma activities.     

敲低PFKP联合肉碱棕榈酰基转移酶抑制剂etomoxir协同对肾透明细胞癌细胞Caki-1的抗肿瘤作用

目的:研究敲低P型磷酸果糖激酶(phosphofructokinase,PFKP)联合肉碱棕榈酰基转移酶抑制剂etomoxir对肾透明细胞癌Caki-1细胞的影响,并进一步探究其作用机制。方法:利用Western blot验证对照及PFKP shRNA敲低肾透明细胞癌细胞中PFKP的敲低效率,分别检测对照组(shCtrl)、PFKP敲低组、etomoxir组(shCtrl+etomoxir)、PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组的增殖曲线。使用Annexin-V/PI染色并用流式细胞检测对照组、PFKP敲低组、etomoxir组、PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组的细胞死亡,研究PFKP敲低联合etomoxir对细胞存活的影响。分别检测对照组、PFKP敲低组、etomoxir组、PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组的ATP水平与脂肪酸变化。结果:Western blot结果验证了PFKP的敲低效率。流式细胞检测显示,对照组、PFKP敲低组、etomoxir组、PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组的平均细胞死亡率分别为1.1、1.9、13.9、31.3%。PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组Caki-1细胞的死亡率显著高于单纯PFKP敲低与etomoxir组(P0.05)。PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组Caki-1细胞的ATP水平显著低于单纯PFKP敲低与etomoxir组(P0.05)。Etomoxir的加入抑制了PFKP敲低引起的游离脂肪酸下降(P0.05)。结论:PFKP敲低联合etomoxir对Caki-1细胞呈现协同的细胞毒抗肿瘤作用。     

角膜屈光手术后屈光回退的手术治疗进展*

屈光回退是角膜屈光手术后的并发症之一,其治疗方法主要为药物治疗和手术治疗。对于需要再次手术的患者,应根据初次手术方式、距离初次手术时间、回退度数,在充分评价角膜情况后合理选择增效术,确保手术的安全性和有效性。目前,准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术和飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术是治疗近视和近视散光的主要手术方式。本文就两者术后屈光回退手术治疗的适应症、不同增效术的优缺点及注意事项作一综述。     

PARP-1抑制剂3-AB对肝癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响*

目的:探讨PARP-1抑制剂3-AB对肝癌细胞系MHCC97-H和SMMC7721及正常肝细胞系L02的增殖与凋亡的影响。方法:细胞增殖试验观察不同浓度3-AB对三种不同细胞系细胞的增殖作用。Annexin V荧光探针标记,流式细胞学检查观察不同浓度3-AB对不同细胞系细胞凋亡的影响。结果:当3-AB浓度分别为5 mM、10 mM与20 mM时,与对照组(0 mM)相比,在培养第6天时开始出现增殖明显减慢,出现统计学差异(p0.05),第九天差异明显(p0.05)。随着浓度增加,其对肿瘤细胞系MHCC97-H和SMMC7721细胞增殖的抑制程度增加,细胞数均逐渐减少;而同样浓度梯度3-AB对人类肝细胞系L02生长则无明显的抑制作用。进一步实验发现,当3-AB浓度为5mM、10 mM与20 mM时,均可诱导肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H和SMMC7721凋亡,与对照组(0 mM)比较均有统计学差异(p0.05),且细胞凋亡率与3-AB的药物浓度相关:浓度越高,凋亡越明显。而同等浓度3-AB对肝脏细胞系L02无明显的促进凋亡作用。结论:3-AB可以抑制肝癌肿瘤细胞的增殖,促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡,对正常肝脏细胞无明显毒害作用,具有治疗肝癌的的潜在应用价值。     

联合检测血清糖类抗原标志物在女性绝经前后卵巢浆液性癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨联合检测血清糖类抗原标志物在女性绝经前后卵巢浆液性癌诊断中的价值。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选择2016年8月到至2018年2月在我院肿瘤科进行检测的绝经前后卵巢浆液性癌患者60例(癌变组)与绝经前后健康体检者60例(健康对照组),检测其血清癌胚抗原(carcino-embryonic antigen,CEA)、人附睾蛋白4(human epididymis protein 4,HE4)和糖链抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)的水平,并分析其与患者的临床病理特征与随访预后的相关性。结果:癌变组血清CEA、HE4、CA125水平及阳性表达率都均显著高于健康对照组(P0.05)。在癌变组60例患者中,随着病理分期增加、分化程度的减少、淋巴结转移与死亡情况的发生,血清CEA、HE4、CA125的阳性表达率显著升高,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。同时在120例人群中,联合诊断为卵巢浆液性癌者54例,联合诊断的敏感性与特异性分别为90.0%和100.0%。结论:绝经前后女性卵巢浆液性癌患者血清糖类抗原标志物-CEA、HE4、CA12水平均呈现高表达,可能作为绝经前后女性卵巢浆液性癌诊断与预后预测的参考指标。     

宝石能谱CT评估冠状动脉介入治疗术后支架内成像质量的研究

目的:探讨宝石能谱CT用于冠状动脉支架内成像质量评估的应用价值。方法:回顾分析56例冠状动脉支架植入后患者,按照支架厚度及直径分成四组。采用宝石能谱CT对冠状动脉成像及同时进行冠状动脉造影患者的影像学资料,通过分析宝石能谱CT的冠状动脉的成像质量,与冠状动脉造影进行对比,得出宝石能谱CT用于冠状动脉介入治疗术后支架内成像质量评估的价值。结果:宝石能谱CT显示支架内再狭窄的敏感度为100%,特异度为98.6%,阴性预测值为100%。直径≥3 mm的支架内成像质量优于直径3 mm的支架。但支架直径和厚度对宝石能谱CT支架内成像质量的可评估率没有差异。结论:宝石能谱CT均能提供优秀的冠状动脉支架内成像质量,采用宝石能谱CT替代冠状动脉造影术可对冠脉支架术后支架内影像进行评估。     

rh-BNP联合阿托伐他汀治疗急性心梗后心衰的临床疗效及对患者血清cTn-I、Myo、CK-MB水平的影响

目的:研究重组人脑利钠肽(rh-BNP)联合阿托伐他汀治疗急性心梗后心衰的临床效果及对患者血清心肌肌钙蛋白(cardiac troponin,cTn-I)、肌红蛋白(Myoglobin,Myo)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平的影响。方法:选择我院2017年2月～2019年1月收治的72例急性心梗后心衰患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组38例,对照组34例。对照组给予阿托伐他汀治疗,观察组在对照组基础上另加rh-BNP,观察和比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后血清cTn-I、Myo、CK-MB水平的变化及治疗后不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05),血清cTn-I、Myo、CK-MB水平均显著低于对照组[(0.23±0.10) vs.(0.16±0.08)、(27.54±3.86) vs.(21.62±2.54)、(70.82±9.25) vs.(61.28±8.33)](P0.05)。观察组治疗后不良反情况总发生率为7.89%,明显低于对照组(26.47%,P0.05)。结论:与单用阿托伐他汀治疗相比,静脉注射rh-BNP联合阿托伐他汀治疗急性心梗后心衰可显著提高临床疗效和安全性,有效减低血清cTn-I、Myo、CK-MB水平。